Per-Ma'āt
𓁦MK-Ptol (1) 𓌳𓐙𓂝𓏏𓁦MK (2) 𓌶𓂝𓏏𓏜𓏪𓆗(3) 𓌶𓂝𓏏LK (4) 𓐙𓏏 LK(5) 𓌳𓐙𓂝𓏏𓆄𓅆OK(6) 𓌳𓐙(7) 𓌳𓈄𓂝𓏏OK (8)
𓆄𓏏NK (9) 𓆄𓏏𓆇𓁦Ptol (10) 𓌶𓂝𓏏𓆄𓁦𓏛𓏥NK (11) 𓌳𓐙𓂝𓏏𓁰OK (12)
𓌶𓂝𓏏𓁦(13) 𓌳𓐙𓂝𓏏𓆄𓁐(14) 𓌳𓐙𓂝𓁦𓏏𓊠(15)
𓐙𓌳𓂝𓁦𓏏(16) 𓐙𓏏𓆇 Gr (17) 𓌶𓂝𓆄𓏏𓆇 Ptol (18) 𓆄NK (19)
𓌶𓂝𓏏𓆄𓏛𓈓NK (20) 𓌶𓏏 TIP (21)
Demotic
Hieroglyphic references & more name spellings Here
Art by Nick Galvin
MDC: mAat
Gardiner: mꜢꜤt, Mā'et
Budge: Maāt, Maā-t, Maā
James P. Allen: mꜢꜤt
Transliteration: Maat
Late Kingdom: moo'uāñ, muꜢꜤa
Alt: Mʔʕ't
Cuneiform: mu-a (From name) ni-ib-mu-a-ria , nb-mAat-Ra (AE), mi-in-mu-a-ria,
mn-mAat-ra (AE), mi-in-mu-a-ria (Assmann, J Ma'at p15); múʔʕa
Coptic Old (O): Mə/ ⲙⲉ
Coptic Sahidic (S): Mə/ ⲙⲉ (KH, Crum, Vycichl); Mēə /ⲙⲏⲉ (Vycichl), Məə/ⲙⲉⲉ (OS)(KH)
Coptic Bohairic (B): Mēi /ⲙⲏⲓ (KH, Crum, Vycichl); Məi/ⲙⲉⲓ (Vycichl)
Coptic Fayyumic (F): Mei/ⲙⲉⲓ ; Məəi/ⲙⲉⲉⲓ (KH, Crum); Mēi /ⲙⲏⲓ (Vycichl)
Coptic Akhmimic (A): Mēə/ⲙⲏⲉ (KH, Vycichl); Mie/ⲙⲓⲉ (Vycichl, KH)
Coptic Lycopolitan (L): Mēə/ⲙⲏⲉ (Vycichl), Mə/ ⲙⲉ (Vycichl)
Akkadian (Middle Babylonian): mu-a /𒈬𒀀 < (Wa-aš-mu-a-re-a/ wsr-mAat-ra )
Hebrew: Mu'at-h/ מע'ת, May't/ מאע'ת, Mait, Mu'atʰ, Māyt
Greek: Mu'at Μά'ατ, Mayet or Mou-at Μαγιέτ
Arabic: mꜤʕt/ ماعت
English: Maat
Kemetic: Ma'at
Alt: Mayet
IPA reconstruction: ˈmuʀʕat , ˈmuʀʕatʰ (OE, 2500 BC),
ˈmuʀʕaʔ (ME,1700 BC),
ˈmuːʕə (NE),
ˈmuːʕa (Amarna-period LE,1350 BCE),
ˈmuʔʕəʔ (Medio-Late Egyptian, 1350 BC),
ˈmøʔʕə , ˈmeːʕə (LE, 800 BC),
ˈmeʔə (Late Egyptian-Greco-Romen)
mɑʔɑːt (modern Egyptological),
Alt Pronunciation: ˈmuʀʕat , murat , muʔˤɘ
Traditional Pronunciation: ma'at
Pronounced: mah'āt ; muaht/muāt >muah/muā (MK-LK) (More accurate), mayet (Based off Greek), muꜢꜥat (Some claim)
Meaning: "She who is righteous" - mAat 𓌶𓂝𓏏 "righteous" + .t 𓏏 "she"
Gardiner: mꜢꜤt, Mā'et
Budge: Maāt, Maā-t, Maā
James P. Allen: mꜢꜤt
Transliteration: Maat
Late Kingdom: moo'uāñ, muꜢꜤa
Alt: Mʔʕ't
Cuneiform: mu-a (From name) ni-ib-mu-a-ria , nb-mAat-Ra (AE), mi-in-mu-a-ria,
mn-mAat-ra (AE), mi-in-mu-a-ria (Assmann, J Ma'at p15); múʔʕa
Coptic Old (O): Mə/ ⲙⲉ
Coptic Sahidic (S): Mə/ ⲙⲉ (KH, Crum, Vycichl); Mēə /ⲙⲏⲉ (Vycichl), Məə/ⲙⲉⲉ (OS)(KH)
Coptic Bohairic (B): Mēi /ⲙⲏⲓ (KH, Crum, Vycichl); Məi/ⲙⲉⲓ (Vycichl)
Coptic Fayyumic (F): Mei/ⲙⲉⲓ ; Məəi/ⲙⲉⲉⲓ (KH, Crum); Mēi /ⲙⲏⲓ (Vycichl)
Coptic Akhmimic (A): Mēə/ⲙⲏⲉ (KH, Vycichl); Mie/ⲙⲓⲉ (Vycichl, KH)
Coptic Lycopolitan (L): Mēə/ⲙⲏⲉ (Vycichl), Mə/ ⲙⲉ (Vycichl)
Akkadian (Middle Babylonian): mu-a /𒈬𒀀 < (Wa-aš-mu-a-re-a/ wsr-mAat-ra )
Hebrew: Mu'at-h/ מע'ת, May't/ מאע'ת, Mait, Mu'atʰ, Māyt
Greek: Mu'at Μά'ατ, Mayet or Mou-at Μαγιέτ
Arabic: mꜤʕt/ ماعت
English: Maat
Kemetic: Ma'at
Alt: Mayet
IPA reconstruction: ˈmuʀʕat , ˈmuʀʕatʰ (OE, 2500 BC),
ˈmuʀʕaʔ (ME,1700 BC),
ˈmuːʕə (NE),
ˈmuːʕa (Amarna-period LE,1350 BCE),
ˈmuʔʕəʔ (Medio-Late Egyptian, 1350 BC),
ˈmøʔʕə , ˈmeːʕə (LE, 800 BC),
ˈmeʔə (Late Egyptian-Greco-Romen)
mɑʔɑːt (modern Egyptological),
Alt Pronunciation: ˈmuʀʕat , murat , muʔˤɘ
Traditional Pronunciation: ma'at
Pronounced: mah'āt ; muaht/muāt >muah/muā (MK-LK) (More accurate), mayet (Based off Greek), muꜢꜥat (Some claim)
Meaning: "She who is righteous" - mAat 𓌶𓂝𓏏 "righteous" + .t 𓏏 "she"
Ref Wb 2, 20.10-13 ; JPA ME p97, 99, 119–121, 126, 214, 254, 273, 277, 281; Hoch ME p112; Loprieno AE: ALI p39, 47; (Coptic) Koptisches Handwörterbuch (KH) p56 (ⲙⲉⲉⲓ); Coptic English Dictionary, by W. E. Crum p158a,b (ⲙⲉ , ⲙⲏⲓ, ⲙⲉⲉⲓ "truth") Here, p68b (ⲙⲉ , ⲙⲏⲓ "truth") Here ; Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue copte by Werner Vycichl, 1983 p105 (ⲙⲉ , ⲙⲏⲓ, ⲙⲉⲓ, ⲙⲏⲉ, ⲙⲓⲉ) Here
Home:
Temple: Ipet-isut ''The Most Selected of Places' Karnak
Nome:
Consort
Djehuty/ Thoth
Children
Father
Ra (creator)
Mother
Siblings
Shu Sometimes
Alternative Parentage
Priest names
Hm nTr mAat / Priest of Ma'at
sXAw-mAat 𓏞𓐙𓏏 / Scribe of Ma'at
Features
A women with a feather atop her head holding the wAs scepter (power) and ankh (life) in the other.
Symbols
Ostrich feather
Vulture
The Plinth 𓐙
Roles
Goddess of justice, truth, harmony. Weights the heart (Soul) on the scales against her feather of righteousness.
Connection to other gods
Celebrations
Offering items
Ostrich feather
Scales
Azurite
Amethyst
Jade
Turquoise
Tourmalinated Quartz
Orris root
Papyrus
Frankincense
Sandalwood
Wine
Beer
Water
Bread
ib (heart) small jar or heart fetish to resemble the ib
Other names
Other Forms
mAaty-- dual form
Epitaphs
di.n.i wn rA.k --I have given a hand to open yourmouth
bwt.sn-grg-- detests their falsehood
dr-isft-- removes wrong-doers
dr-sbiw--removes rebels
dr-nftyw-- removes enemies
Hnt imntt/ Mistress of the Underworld
nbt dwAt--Mistress of the underworld
nbt pt--Lady of heaven
nft Hr--Beautiful of face
sAt rA ---daughter of Rā
sDmt-sprw-- Hears petitions
sDmt-snmHw--Hears prayers
Sfyt --
ref. Concept of Ma'at http://www.ancient-origins.net/history-ancient-traditions/maat-ancient-egyptian-goddess-truth-justice-and-morality-003131
Invocation to Ma'āt
Instruction of Ptahhotep presents Ma'at as follows:
Ma'at is good and its worth is lasting.It has not been disturbed since the day of its creator,whereas he who transgresses its ordinances is punished.It lies as a path in front even of him who knows nothing.Wrongdoing has never yet brought its venture to port.It is true that evil may gain wealth but the strength of truth is that it lasts;a man can say: "It was the property of my father.
Praise to you, Maat, daughter of Ra,
consort of god, whom Ptah loves,
The one who adorns the breast of Thoth, who
fashioned her own nature,
foremost of the souls of Heliopolis;
Who pacified the two falcon gods through her good will,
filled the per-wer shrine with life and dominion;
Skilled one who brought forth the gods herself
and brought low the heads of enemies;
Who herself provides for the house of the All-Lord,
brings daily offerings for those who are on duty.
Magnificent her throne before the judges-
and she consumes the enemies of Atum
Invocation from Egyptian Paganism p 143-
Hymn to Maat in the temple of Amun at el-hibis, translation by John L Foster
Ref
(1)- 𓁦 ; Wb 2, 20.13 (MK) ; (MK) Middle Kingdom- (Ptol) Ptolemaic Period- (LP) Late Period, 31st D
(1a)- 𓁧 ; Wb 2, 20.10-13 (NK) ; (NK) New Kingdom
(1b)- C178A ; Wb 2, 20.13 (OK) ; (OK) Old Kingdom
(1c)- C10D-𓏏𓆇 ; Wb 2, 20.13 (Gr); (Gr) Greek
(2)-𓌳𓐙𓂝𓏏𓁦 ; Wb 2, 20.14-15 ; 12th D, 1971 to 1926 BCE, (MK) Middle Kingdom
(2a)-𓌳𓐙𓂝𓏏𓁧 ; Wb 2, 20.10 (MK) ; (MK) Middle Kingdom
(2b)-𓌳𓐙𓏏𓂝𓁦 (U1:Aa11:X1:D36-C10); Wb 2, 20.10-13 (MK); (MK) Middle Kingdom
(2c)-𓌳𓐙𓂝𓏏-C178A ; Wb 2, 20.10 (OK) ; (OK) Old Kingdom
(3)- 𓌶𓂝𓏏𓏜𓏪𓆗
(3a)- 𓌶𓂝𓏏𓆇𓆗 ; Wb 2, 20.10-13 (NK) ; (NK) New Kingdom
(4)- 𓌶𓂝𓏏 ; 26th D, 664 to 525 BC, Saite Period, (LK) Late Kingdom
(4a)- 𓌶𓂝𓏏𓐙 ; Here ; 20th D, (NK) New Kingdom- 26th D , (LK) Late Kingdom
(5)- 𓐙𓏏 ; Here ; 26 D - 30th D, (LK) Late Kingdom - (Ptol) Ptolemaic Period
(6)- 𓌳𓐙𓂝𓏏𓆄𓅆 ; (OK) Old Kingdom
(7)- 𓌳𓐙
(8)-𓌳𓈄𓂝𓏏 ; (OK) Old Kingdom
(9)- 𓆄𓏏 ; Here; 19th D, (NK) New Kingdom
(9a)- 𓆄𓏏𓏛 4th BC, 26th-29th D ; (LK) Late Kingdom
(10)- 𓆄𓏏𓆇𓁦 ; Here ; 305 BCE to 30 BCE, (Ptol) Ptolemaic period
(10a) 𓆄𓏏𓆇 ; Wb 2, 20.13 (Gr); (Gr) Greek
(10b) 𓆄𓏏𓆇𓅆 ; Here ; 33rd D, (Ptol) Ptolemaic Period
(11)- 𓌶𓂝𓏏𓆄𓁦𓏛𓏥 ; (NK) New Kingdom
(12)- 𓌳𓐙𓂝𓏏𓁰 ; (OK) Old Kingdom
(12a)- 𓌳𓐙𓂝𓏏𓁦 ; Here ; 12th D, (MK) Middle Kingdom
(13)- 𓌶𓂝𓏏𓁦
(14)- 𓌳𓐙𓂝𓏏𓆄𓁐
(14a)- 𓌴𓐙𓂝𓏏𓆄 ; Here ; 13 D (MK) Middle Kingdom - 18th D, (NK) New Kingdom
(15)- 𓌳𓐙𓂝𓁦𓏏𓊠
(16)- 𓐙𓌳𓂝𓁦𓏏
(17)- 𓐙𓏏𓆇 ; Wb 2, 20.13 (Gr); (Gr) Greek
(18)- 𓌶𓂝𓆄𓏏𓆇 ; Here ; (Ptol) Ptolemaic Period
(18a)- 𓌶𓂝𓆄𓏏𓆇𓁐 ; Here ; 26th D ; (LK) Late Kingdom
(18b)- 𓌴𓂝𓆄𓏏𓆇𓁦 ; Here ; (Ptol) Ptolemaic Period
(18c)- 𓌴𓂝𓆄𓏏𓆇𓆗 ; Turin King List (1279–1213 BC) (NK) ; (NK) New Kingdom (NK) New Kingdom
(18d)- 𓌴𓂝𓆄𓏏𓆇𓅆 ; Here ; 19th D , 1292-1189 BC (NK) New Kingdom
(18e)- 𓌶𓂝𓆄𓏏𓏏 ; Here ; 26th D ; (LK) Late Kingdom
(19)- 𓆄 ; Here ; 1479 to 1425 BC, 18th; (NK) New Kingdom
(19a)- 𓆄𓆗 ; Here ; 20th D; (NK) New Kingdom
(20)- 𓌶𓂝𓏏𓆄𓏛𓈓 ; Here ; 18th D; (NK) New Kingdom
(21)- 𓌶𓏏 ; Here ; 23rd D , Third Intermediate Period
(1)- 𓁦 ; Wb 2, 20.13 (MK) ; (MK) Middle Kingdom- (Ptol) Ptolemaic Period- (LP) Late Period, 31st D
(1a)- 𓁧 ; Wb 2, 20.10-13 (NK) ; (NK) New Kingdom
(1b)- C178A ; Wb 2, 20.13 (OK) ; (OK) Old Kingdom
(1c)- C10D-𓏏𓆇 ; Wb 2, 20.13 (Gr); (Gr) Greek
(2)-𓌳𓐙𓂝𓏏𓁦 ; Wb 2, 20.14-15 ; 12th D, 1971 to 1926 BCE, (MK) Middle Kingdom
(2a)-𓌳𓐙𓂝𓏏𓁧 ; Wb 2, 20.10 (MK) ; (MK) Middle Kingdom
(2b)-𓌳𓐙𓏏𓂝𓁦 (U1:Aa11:X1:D36-C10); Wb 2, 20.10-13 (MK); (MK) Middle Kingdom
(2c)-𓌳𓐙𓂝𓏏-C178A ; Wb 2, 20.10 (OK) ; (OK) Old Kingdom
(3)- 𓌶𓂝𓏏𓏜𓏪𓆗
(3a)- 𓌶𓂝𓏏𓆇𓆗 ; Wb 2, 20.10-13 (NK) ; (NK) New Kingdom
(4)- 𓌶𓂝𓏏 ; 26th D, 664 to 525 BC, Saite Period, (LK) Late Kingdom
(4a)- 𓌶𓂝𓏏𓐙 ; Here ; 20th D, (NK) New Kingdom- 26th D , (LK) Late Kingdom
(5)- 𓐙𓏏 ; Here ; 26 D - 30th D, (LK) Late Kingdom - (Ptol) Ptolemaic Period
(6)- 𓌳𓐙𓂝𓏏𓆄𓅆 ; (OK) Old Kingdom
(7)- 𓌳𓐙
(8)-𓌳𓈄𓂝𓏏 ; (OK) Old Kingdom
(9)- 𓆄𓏏 ; Here; 19th D, (NK) New Kingdom
(9a)- 𓆄𓏏𓏛 4th BC, 26th-29th D ; (LK) Late Kingdom
(10)- 𓆄𓏏𓆇𓁦 ; Here ; 305 BCE to 30 BCE, (Ptol) Ptolemaic period
(10a) 𓆄𓏏𓆇 ; Wb 2, 20.13 (Gr); (Gr) Greek
(10b) 𓆄𓏏𓆇𓅆 ; Here ; 33rd D, (Ptol) Ptolemaic Period
(11)- 𓌶𓂝𓏏𓆄𓁦𓏛𓏥 ; (NK) New Kingdom
(12)- 𓌳𓐙𓂝𓏏𓁰 ; (OK) Old Kingdom
(12a)- 𓌳𓐙𓂝𓏏𓁦 ; Here ; 12th D, (MK) Middle Kingdom
(13)- 𓌶𓂝𓏏𓁦
(14)- 𓌳𓐙𓂝𓏏𓆄𓁐
(14a)- 𓌴𓐙𓂝𓏏𓆄 ; Here ; 13 D (MK) Middle Kingdom - 18th D, (NK) New Kingdom
(15)- 𓌳𓐙𓂝𓁦𓏏𓊠
(16)- 𓐙𓌳𓂝𓁦𓏏
(17)- 𓐙𓏏𓆇 ; Wb 2, 20.13 (Gr); (Gr) Greek
(18)- 𓌶𓂝𓆄𓏏𓆇 ; Here ; (Ptol) Ptolemaic Period
(18a)- 𓌶𓂝𓆄𓏏𓆇𓁐 ; Here ; 26th D ; (LK) Late Kingdom
(18b)- 𓌴𓂝𓆄𓏏𓆇𓁦 ; Here ; (Ptol) Ptolemaic Period
(18c)- 𓌴𓂝𓆄𓏏𓆇𓆗 ; Turin King List (1279–1213 BC) (NK) ; (NK) New Kingdom (NK) New Kingdom
(18d)- 𓌴𓂝𓆄𓏏𓆇𓅆 ; Here ; 19th D , 1292-1189 BC (NK) New Kingdom
(18e)- 𓌶𓂝𓆄𓏏𓏏 ; Here ; 26th D ; (LK) Late Kingdom
(19)- 𓆄 ; Here ; 1479 to 1425 BC, 18th; (NK) New Kingdom
(19a)- 𓆄𓆗 ; Here ; 20th D; (NK) New Kingdom
(20)- 𓌶𓂝𓏏𓆄𓏛𓈓 ; Here ; 18th D; (NK) New Kingdom
(21)- 𓌶𓏏 ; Here ; 23rd D , Third Intermediate Period
#Maat , #mAat , #Ma'at , #MꜢꜤt
