𓂝
a
(Forearm & hand)
MDC: a
Budge: ā
Gardiner: Ꜥ, ˤ
Hannig: ˁ
Allen: ˁ , ʕ ; d (in some dialects)
Schneider: ɗ
Fergus Sharman: â
Alt: á, ꜥ , ʾ
History: ʕ (OE-LE) ; ɑː (Egyptological)
Transliteration: a or ā
Gardiner code: D36
IPA: ʕ
Pronounced
a
(Forearm & hand)
MDC: a
Budge: ā
Gardiner: Ꜥ, ˤ
Hannig: ˁ
Allen: ˁ , ʕ ; d (in some dialects)
Schneider: ɗ
Fergus Sharman: â
Alt: á, ꜥ , ʾ
History: ʕ (OE-LE) ; ɑː (Egyptological)
Transliteration: a or ā
Gardiner code: D36
IPA: ʕ
Pronounced
𓄿
A
(Vulture)
MDC: A
Budge: a
Hannig: 3
Allen: Ꜣ ; l , ɾ (Old Egyptian)
Gardiner: ꜣ, 3
Schneider: ɹ, ʁ
Alt: à
History: ʀ (OE-ME)> ʔ, j, ∅, ɾ, l (LE); ɑ (Egyptological)
Transliteration: a
Gardiner code: G1
IPA: ʔ, ʾ
Pronounced
A
(Vulture)
MDC: A
Budge: a
Hannig: 3
Allen: Ꜣ ; l , ɾ (Old Egyptian)
Gardiner: ꜣ, 3
Schneider: ɹ, ʁ
Alt: à
History: ʀ (OE-ME)> ʔ, j, ∅, ɾ, l (LE); ɑ (Egyptological)
Transliteration: a
Gardiner code: G1
IPA: ʔ, ʾ
Pronounced
𓃀
b
(Lower leg & foot)
MDC: b
Budge: b
Gardiner: b
Hannig: b
Allen: b
Schneider: b
Transliteration: b
Gardiner code: D58
IPA: b or β
Pronounced
b
(Lower leg & foot)
MDC: b
Budge: b
Gardiner: b
Hannig: b
Allen: b
Schneider: b
Transliteration: b
Gardiner code: D58
IPA: b or β
Pronounced
𓂧
d
(hand)
MDC: d
Budge: ṭ, d
Gardiner: d
Hannig: d
Allen: d
Schenkel: ṭ
Schneider: ḍ
Transliteration: d
Gardiner code: D46
IPA: tʼ
Pronounced
d
(hand)
MDC: d
Budge: ṭ, d
Gardiner: d
Hannig: d
Allen: d
Schenkel: ṭ
Schneider: ḍ
Transliteration: d
Gardiner code: D46
IPA: tʼ
Pronounced
𓆓
D
(cobra)
MDC: D
Budge: ť, tch, dj
Gardiner: ḏ
Hannig: ḏ
Allen: ḏ
Schenkel: č̣
Schneider: c̣
Allen: ɟ
Transliteration: dj
Gardiner code: I10
IPA: dʒ, t͡ʃʼ
Pronounced
D
(cobra)
MDC: D
Budge: ť, tch, dj
Gardiner: ḏ
Hannig: ḏ
Allen: ḏ
Schenkel: č̣
Schneider: c̣
Allen: ɟ
Transliteration: dj
Gardiner code: I10
IPA: dʒ, t͡ʃʼ
Pronounced
𓆑
f
(horned viper)
MDC: f
Budge: f
Gardiner: f
Hannig: f
Allen: f
Schneider: f
Transliteration: f
Gardiner code: I9
IPA: f
Pronounced
f
(horned viper)
MDC: f
Budge: f
Gardiner: f
Hannig: f
Allen: f
Schneider: f
Transliteration: f
Gardiner code: I9
IPA: f
Pronounced
𓎼
g
(jar, jug)
MDC: g
Budge: ḳ
Gardiner: g
Hannig: g
Allen: g
Schneider: g
Late Kingdom?, Coptic : k
Transliteration: g
Gardiner code: W11
IPA: kʼ, ɡ
Pronounced
Alternative letters
𓎤
g
(jar, jug)
MDC: g
Budge: ḳ
Gardiner: g
Hannig: g
Allen: g
Schneider: g
Late Kingdom?, Coptic : k
Transliteration: g
Gardiner code: W11
IPA: kʼ, ɡ
Pronounced
Alternative letters
𓎤
𓉔
h
(courtyard)
MDC: h
Budge: h
Gardiner: h
Hannig: h
Allen: h
Schneider: h
Transliteration: h
Gardiner code: O4
IPA: h
Pronounced
h
(courtyard)
MDC: h
Budge: h
Gardiner: h
Hannig: h
Allen: h
Schneider: h
Transliteration: h
Gardiner code: O4
IPA: h
Pronounced
𓎛
H
(twisted wick, flax bundle)
MDC: H
Budge: h
Gardiner: ḥ
Hannig: ḥ
Allen: ḥ
Schneider: ḥ
Transliteration: h or ḥ
Gardiner code: V28
IPA: ħ
Pronounced
H
(twisted wick, flax bundle)
MDC: H
Budge: h
Gardiner: ḥ
Hannig: ḥ
Allen: ḥ
Schneider: ḥ
Transliteration: h or ḥ
Gardiner code: V28
IPA: ħ
Pronounced
𓇋
i
(reed)
MDC: i
Budge: ȧ, e, or i
Gardiner: ỉ (claims y sound at being and sometimes A)
Erman & Grapow: ỉ, j
Allen: j
Hannig: j
Schneider: ỉ
Late Kingdom: ʾ
History: j (OE-ME) > ʔ, j, ∅ (LE); i, iː (Egyptological)
Transliteration: i or ȧ/a
Gardiner code: M17, A1
IPA: ɑː, ij, i:
Pronounced
i
(reed)
MDC: i
Budge: ȧ, e, or i
Gardiner: ỉ (claims y sound at being and sometimes A)
Erman & Grapow: ỉ, j
Allen: j
Hannig: j
Schneider: ỉ
Late Kingdom: ʾ
History: j (OE-ME) > ʔ, j, ∅ (LE); i, iː (Egyptological)
Transliteration: i or ȧ/a
Gardiner code: M17, A1
IPA: ɑː, ij, i:
Pronounced
𓎡
k
(basket with handle)
MDC: k
Budge: k
Gardiner: k
Hannig: k
Allen: k
Schneider: k
Transliteration: k
Gardiner code: V31
IPA: kʰ, kʲ
Pronounced
k
(basket with handle)
MDC: k
Budge: k
Gardiner: k
Hannig: k
Allen: k
Schneider: k
Transliteration: k
Gardiner code: V31
IPA: kʰ, kʲ
Pronounced
𓅓
m
(owl and hill)
MDC: m
Budge: m
Gardiner: m
Hannig: m
Allen: m
Schneider: m
Transliteration: m
Gardiner code: G17
IPA: m
Pronounced
Alternative letters
𓐝 /im/ originally
m
(owl and hill)
MDC: m
Budge: m
Gardiner: m
Hannig: m
Allen: m
Schneider: m
Transliteration: m
Gardiner code: G17
IPA: m
Pronounced
Alternative letters
𓐝 /im/ originally
𓈖
n
(water)
MDC: n
Budge: n
Gardiner: n
Hannig: n
Allen: n, l (sometimes)
Schneider: n
Transliteration: n
Gardiner code: N35
IPA: n
Pronounced
Alternative letters
𓋔from nt originally, 𓋋
n
(water)
MDC: n
Budge: n
Gardiner: n
Hannig: n
Allen: n, l (sometimes)
Schneider: n
Transliteration: n
Gardiner code: N35
IPA: n
Pronounced
Alternative letters
𓋔from nt originally, 𓋋
𓊪
p
(Reed mat or base/support)
MDC: p
Budge: p
Gardiner: p
Hannig: p
Allen: p
Schneider: p
Transliteration: p
Gardiner code: Q3
IPA: pʰ
Pronounced
p
(Reed mat or base/support)
MDC: p
Budge: p
Gardiner: p
Hannig: p
Allen: p
Schneider: p
Transliteration: p
Gardiner code: Q3
IPA: pʰ
Pronounced
𓈎
q
(Wedge hill)
MDC: q
Budge: ḳ, q
Gardiner: ḳ
Hannig: q
Allen: q
Schneider: ḳ
Transliteration: q or k
Gardiner code: N29
IPA: qʼ
pronounced
q
(Wedge hill)
MDC: q
Budge: ḳ, q
Gardiner: ḳ
Hannig: q
Allen: q
Schneider: ḳ
Transliteration: q or k
Gardiner code: N29
IPA: qʼ
pronounced
𓂋
r
(Mouth)
MDC: r
Budge: r, l
Gardiner: r
Hannig: r
Allen: r , l (in some dialects)
Schneider: l
Transliteration: r
Gardiner code: D21
IPA: r , some dialects l
Pronounced
r
(Mouth)
MDC: r
Budge: r, l
Gardiner: r
Hannig: r
Allen: r , l (in some dialects)
Schneider: l
Transliteration: r
Gardiner code: D21
IPA: r , some dialects l
Pronounced
𓊃
s, z
(door bolt)
MDC: s
Budge: s
Gardiner: s (sounds like z)
Hannig: z, s
Allen: z
Schneider: s
Transliteration: s or z
Gardiner code: O34
IPA: s
pronounced
s, z
(door bolt)
MDC: s
Budge: s
Gardiner: s (sounds like z)
Hannig: z, s
Allen: z
Schneider: s
Transliteration: s or z
Gardiner code: O34
IPA: s
pronounced
𓋴
s
(folded cloth)
MDC: s
Budge: s
Gardiner: s or ś (claims unvoiced s)
Hannig: s
Allen: s
Schneider: ś
Transliteration: s
Gardiner code: S29
IPA: s
Pronounced
s
(folded cloth)
MDC: s
Budge: s
Gardiner: s or ś (claims unvoiced s)
Hannig: s
Allen: s
Schneider: ś
Transliteration: s
Gardiner code: S29
IPA: s
Pronounced
𓈙
S
(pool)
MDC: S
Budge: ś
Gardiner: š
Hannig: š
Allen: š
Schneider: š
Transliteration: sh
Gardiner code: N37
IPA: ʃ
Pronounced
S
(pool)
MDC: S
Budge: ś
Gardiner: š
Hannig: š
Allen: š
Schneider: š
Transliteration: sh
Gardiner code: N37
IPA: ʃ
Pronounced
𓏏
t
(bread)
MDC: t
Budge: t
Hannig: t
Allen: t
Schneider: t
Gardiner: t
Transliteration: t
Gardiner code: X1
IPA: tʰ
pronounced
Alternative letters
𓍘 /ti/ originally
t
(bread)
MDC: t
Budge: t
Hannig: t
Allen: t
Schneider: t
Gardiner: t
Transliteration: t
Gardiner code: X1
IPA: tʰ
pronounced
Alternative letters
𓍘 /ti/ originally
𓍿
T
(tether rope, noose)
MDC: T
Budge: θ, th
Gardiner: ṯ
Hannig: ṯ
Allen: ṯ
Schneider: c
Schenkel: č
Transliteration: tj, tch
Gardiner code: V13
IPA: tʲ, tʃ
pronounced
T
(tether rope, noose)
MDC: T
Budge: θ, th
Gardiner: ṯ
Hannig: ṯ
Allen: ṯ
Schneider: c
Schenkel: č
Transliteration: tj, tch
Gardiner code: V13
IPA: tʲ, tʃ
pronounced
𓅱
w
(quail chick)
MDC: w
Budge: u
Hannig: w
Allen: w
Schneider: ɗw
Gardiner: w
History: w (OE-ME) > w, ʔ, ∅(LE); uː, w (Egyptological)
Transliteration: u or w
Gardiner code: G43
IPA: w, uː
pronounced
Alternative letters
𓏲
w
(quail chick)
MDC: w
Budge: u
Hannig: w
Allen: w
Schneider: ɗw
Gardiner: w
History: w (OE-ME) > w, ʔ, ∅(LE); uː, w (Egyptological)
Transliteration: u or w
Gardiner code: G43
IPA: w, uː
pronounced
Alternative letters
𓏲
𓐍
x
(placenta or sieve)
MDC: x
Budge: x
Hannig: ḫ
Allen: ḫ
Schneider: ḫ
Gardiner: ḫ
Transliteration: kh
Gardiner code: Aa1
IPA: x
Pronounced
x
(placenta or sieve)
MDC: x
Budge: x
Hannig: ḫ
Allen: ḫ
Schneider: ḫ
Gardiner: ḫ
Transliteration: kh
Gardiner code: Aa1
IPA: x
Pronounced
𓄡
X
(animal belly w/ tail, or teats)
MDC: X
Budge: x, kh
Hannig: ẖ
Allen: ẖ
Schneider: ẖ
Gardiner: ẖ (interchanging sh and kh)
Alt: x̣
Transliteration: kh
Gardiner code: F32
IPA: ç, x
Pronounced
X
(animal belly w/ tail, or teats)
MDC: X
Budge: x, kh
Hannig: ẖ
Allen: ẖ
Schneider: ẖ
Gardiner: ẖ (interchanging sh and kh)
Alt: x̣
Transliteration: kh
Gardiner code: F32
IPA: ç, x
Pronounced
𓇋𓇋
y
(pair of reeds)
Budge: ī , i, y
Hannig: y
Allen: y
Schneider : y
Gardiner: y
WikiHiero: i-i
Erman & Grapow: ỉj
Alt: ii, ỉỉ
History: j+ j (OE) > j (ME) > ʔ, j, ∅ (LE); iː , i (Egyptological)
Transliteration: y, ii
Gardiner code: M17-M17
IPA: jj , /iːiː/
pronounced
Alternative letters
𓏭
y
(pair of reeds)
Budge: ī , i, y
Hannig: y
Allen: y
Schneider : y
Gardiner: y
WikiHiero: i-i
Erman & Grapow: ỉj
Alt: ii, ỉỉ
History: j+ j (OE) > j (ME) > ʔ, j, ∅ (LE); iː , i (Egyptological)
Transliteration: y, ii
Gardiner code: M17-M17
IPA: jj , /iːiː/
pronounced
Alternative letters
𓏭
