Per-Ȧtum
𓍃𓅓𓀭 𓏏𓍃𓅓𓅱𓀭NK
𓇋𓏏𓍃𓅓𓀭 𓏏𓍃𓐝𓊹 𓏏𓍃𓀭
(Demotic)
MDC: itm , tm , tmw
Gardiner: Ỉtm
Budge: Ȧtem, Temm, Tem , Temu
James P. Allen: (j)tm(w)
Adolf Erman and Hermann Grapow : jtmw
Alt Egyptian: Tem, Temu
Transliteration: Atem
Coptic: Atʰōm/ⲁⲑⲱⲙ, Atoum/ⲁⲧⲟⲩⲙ
Hebrew:
Arabic : tamām/ تمام “complete”
Greek: Thōm/θωμ, Toumos/Τουμος, Tumis/Τυμις , Atmou? (From Names)
Latin : Iton ?
Demotic: Ỉtm
English: Atem
Kemetic: Tem, Atum
Alt: itmw/ jtmw
Pronounced: Ȧtum, or Atem
IPA : (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) jaˈtaːmuw, (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) jaˈtaːmuw ,
(Medio-Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) ʔaˈtaːməʔ , (Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) ʔaˈtoːm
Alt Pronunciation : jatāmu
Meaning: complete one, from /tm/ "be complete, entire, everything, the universe"
Gardiner: Ỉtm
Budge: Ȧtem, Temm, Tem , Temu
James P. Allen: (j)tm(w)
Adolf Erman and Hermann Grapow : jtmw
Alt Egyptian: Tem, Temu
Transliteration: Atem
Coptic: Atʰōm/ⲁⲑⲱⲙ, Atoum/ⲁⲧⲟⲩⲙ
Hebrew:
Arabic : tamām/ تمام “complete”
Greek: Thōm/θωμ, Toumos/Τουμος, Tumis/Τυμις , Atmou? (From Names)
Latin : Iton ?
Demotic: Ỉtm
English: Atem
Kemetic: Tem, Atum
Alt: itmw/ jtmw
Pronounced: Ȧtum, or Atem
IPA : (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) jaˈtaːmuw, (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) jaˈtaːmuw ,
(Medio-Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) ʔaˈtaːməʔ , (Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) ʔaˈtoːm
Alt Pronunciation : jatāmu
Meaning: complete one, from /tm/ "be complete, entire, everything, the universe"
Home:
Temple: Re-Atum
Cult:
Iunu/ỉwnw 'Place of Pillars', Ôn / אן or Āwen/ און, On /Ὂν Ancient Greek, Ἡλιούπολις/ Heliopolis 'City of the sun'Lower Egypt
Nome: 13th Lower Egyptian, Greek-Roman Dendera
Consort
Hetepet
itmt/ Ȧtumet 𓇋𓏏𓍃𓅓𓏏𓆇𓆗
Iusāaset/ iwsaAst 𓂻𓏲𓊃𓂝𓄿𓋴𓏏𓆇𓆗
Children
Shu (some accounts)
Tefnut (some accounts)
Father
self-made out of the primordial waters Nu
Mother
nwt/ Nunet ?
Hesat (when Mer-Wer Heliopolis)
Siblings
Alternative Parentage
Priest names
Features
Was born from the waters of Nu from a blue lotus bud. When the petals opened it revealed the beetle Kheperi. (An aspect of Ra) then he turned to a weeping boy who became Nefertum. Depicted with the crown of Upper and Lower Egypt sometimes with a solar disk or the head of a ram.
Symbols
Evening sun, setting sun
Sun
Snake basking in the sun
Scarab
Lizards
iSd/ished tree
Rams
Mer-Wer/ mr-wr/ Mnewer/ Mnevis Black bull with the solar disk on it's head (bA or Ra) (Heliopolis)
𓄈 (symbol of Mer-Wer?)
Lions
amamwn/ ichneumon Mongoose
Eels
Roles
Evening sun, solar deity. Closer of the day. Was considered to be the first god, having created himself on a mount of earth that rose from the waters of Nun. He spit out Shu (air god) and Tefnut (moisture goddess) from his mouth. Symbolizes the setting sun's journey into the underworld and it's rising in the East.
Connection to other gods
mnTw/Montu
Ra
Hapu/Apis (Memphis)
Aspect of Ra
Khepri: Newly created sun. Morning sun manifested. Was born from the waters of Nu from a blue lotus bud. When the petals opened it revealed the beetle Kheperi.
Atum: Evening or setting sun manifested and travelled through the underworld every night.. Was born from the waters of Nu from a blue lotus bud.
Nefertum: Was born from the waters of Nu from a blue lotus, When the petals opened it revealed a scarab. It changes into a young boy who is crying he became Nefertum.
Khnemu: Sunset Manifested.
Re: Rising sun
Re-Atum: Emerges from the easter horizon and rest in the wester horizon. Dies every night at dusk before resurrecting himself at dawn. he symbolizes the setting sun and journeying thought the underworld to rise in the east.
Hybrid gods
Ra-Atum: (Dies every night at dusk and resurrects himself at dawn)
Khepri-Atum (sunrise and sunset)
Celebrations
wpt-rnpt New years
Offering items
Lizard amulet
Other names
Epitaphs
aA nTr : great god
imi nw : He who is in Nu
it nisw : Father of the Pharaoh
it nTrw : Father of gods
it m itw : Father of fathers
itmw nb innw nTr aA-Ht : Atmu, lord of the Heliopolis, great god of the great house.
mnwr-ỉwnw : Bull of the Heliopolis (Atum-Ra)
nb nb : Lord of all
nb tAwy iwnw : Lord of the two lands and the Heliopolis
rn=y pw HkAw : Magic is my name (Ritner)
emerges from the eastern horizon rests in the western horizon
-- Great He-she (coffin texts I, 161:ff)
Temple: Re-Atum
Cult:
Iunu/ỉwnw 'Place of Pillars', Ôn / אן or Āwen/ און, On /Ὂν Ancient Greek, Ἡλιούπολις/ Heliopolis 'City of the sun'Lower Egypt
Nome: 13th Lower Egyptian, Greek-Roman Dendera
Consort
Hetepet
itmt/ Ȧtumet 𓇋𓏏𓍃𓅓𓏏𓆇𓆗
Iusāaset/ iwsaAst 𓂻𓏲𓊃𓂝𓄿𓋴𓏏𓆇𓆗
Children
Shu (some accounts)
Tefnut (some accounts)
Father
self-made out of the primordial waters Nu
Mother
nwt/ Nunet ?
Hesat (when Mer-Wer Heliopolis)
Siblings
Alternative Parentage
Priest names
Features
Was born from the waters of Nu from a blue lotus bud. When the petals opened it revealed the beetle Kheperi. (An aspect of Ra) then he turned to a weeping boy who became Nefertum. Depicted with the crown of Upper and Lower Egypt sometimes with a solar disk or the head of a ram.
Symbols
Evening sun, setting sun
Sun
Snake basking in the sun
Scarab
Lizards
iSd/ished tree
Rams
Mer-Wer/ mr-wr/ Mnewer/ Mnevis Black bull with the solar disk on it's head (bA or Ra) (Heliopolis)
𓄈 (symbol of Mer-Wer?)
Lions
amamwn/ ichneumon Mongoose
Eels
Roles
Evening sun, solar deity. Closer of the day. Was considered to be the first god, having created himself on a mount of earth that rose from the waters of Nun. He spit out Shu (air god) and Tefnut (moisture goddess) from his mouth. Symbolizes the setting sun's journey into the underworld and it's rising in the East.
Connection to other gods
mnTw/Montu
Ra
Hapu/Apis (Memphis)
Aspect of Ra
Khepri: Newly created sun. Morning sun manifested. Was born from the waters of Nu from a blue lotus bud. When the petals opened it revealed the beetle Kheperi.
Atum: Evening or setting sun manifested and travelled through the underworld every night.. Was born from the waters of Nu from a blue lotus bud.
Nefertum: Was born from the waters of Nu from a blue lotus, When the petals opened it revealed a scarab. It changes into a young boy who is crying he became Nefertum.
Khnemu: Sunset Manifested.
Re: Rising sun
Re-Atum: Emerges from the easter horizon and rest in the wester horizon. Dies every night at dusk before resurrecting himself at dawn. he symbolizes the setting sun and journeying thought the underworld to rise in the east.
Hybrid gods
Ra-Atum: (Dies every night at dusk and resurrects himself at dawn)
Khepri-Atum (sunrise and sunset)
Celebrations
wpt-rnpt New years
Offering items
Lizard amulet
Other names
Epitaphs
aA nTr : great god
imi nw : He who is in Nu
it nisw : Father of the Pharaoh
it nTrw : Father of gods
it m itw : Father of fathers
itmw nb innw nTr aA-Ht : Atmu, lord of the Heliopolis, great god of the great house.
mnwr-ỉwnw : Bull of the Heliopolis (Atum-Ra)
nb nb : Lord of all
nb tAwy iwnw : Lord of the two lands and the Heliopolis
rn=y pw HkAw : Magic is my name (Ritner)
emerges from the eastern horizon rests in the western horizon
-- Great He-she (coffin texts I, 161:ff)
(coffin texts I, 161:ff)
I am Atum, the creator of the Eldest Gods,
I am he who gave birth to Shu,
I am that great He-She,
I am he who did what seemed good to him,
I took my space in the place of my will,
Mine is the space of those who move along,
like those two serpentine circles.
~ ref Translated by R.T. Bundle Clark,
in his Myth and Symbol in Ancient Egypt (London 1959)p.80.
I am Atum, the creator of the Eldest Gods,
I am he who gave birth to Shu,
I am that great He-She,
I am he who did what seemed good to him,
I took my space in the place of my will,
Mine is the space of those who move along,
like those two serpentine circles.
~ ref Translated by R.T. Bundle Clark,
in his Myth and Symbol in Ancient Egypt (London 1959)p.80.
