Per-Rā
𓇳 𓇳𓏺𓁛 𓂋𓂝𓇳𓏺𓀭 𓁛 𓇳𓀭 𓁛𓇳
(Demotic) Prê
MDC: ra
Gardiner: RꜤ (RēꜤ)
Budge: Rā
James P. Allen: rꜤw
Alt Egyptian: rc(w) , rˤw
Transliteration: Ra
Babylonian: Rīa
Meroitic: Ms
Old Nubian: Mag
Coptic: Rē /ⲣⲏ (S, B), Rā /ⲣⲉ, Ri /ⲣⲓ
Akkadian: Ri-ia /𒊑𒅀, Ri-a /𒊑𒀀, Re-a - (from name Wa-aš-mu-a-re-a/ wsr-mAat-ra)
Hebrew: Rou/כרֶע, Rh/רה , Rʔ/ רא , Rah/רע (Modern)
Greek: Ra/ Ρα
Old Greek: rī /ρι
Demotic: Pa-Rā , pꜢ -RꜤ (Prê)
Arabic: Rā/ رع
English: Re, Ra
Kemetic:
Alt: Re
Pronounced: Rā
Alt Pronunciation: rîcu(w) (ref?)
IPA: reɪ , ˈriːʕuw (Old Egyptian, 2500 BCE- Middle 1700 BC), ɾiːʕəʔ (Medio-Late Egyptian, 1350 BCE), ˈreːʕə, ˈɾeːʕ (Late Egyptian), rɑː (modern Egyptological)
Meaning: sun
Gardiner: RꜤ (RēꜤ)
Budge: Rā
James P. Allen: rꜤw
Alt Egyptian: rc(w) , rˤw
Transliteration: Ra
Babylonian: Rīa
Meroitic: Ms
Old Nubian: Mag
Coptic: Rē /ⲣⲏ (S, B), Rā /ⲣⲉ, Ri /ⲣⲓ
Akkadian: Ri-ia /𒊑𒅀, Ri-a /𒊑𒀀, Re-a - (from name Wa-aš-mu-a-re-a/ wsr-mAat-ra)
Hebrew: Rou/כרֶע, Rh/רה , Rʔ/ רא , Rah/רע (Modern)
Greek: Ra/ Ρα
Old Greek: rī /ρι
Demotic: Pa-Rā , pꜢ -RꜤ (Prê)
Arabic: Rā/ رع
English: Re, Ra
Kemetic:
Alt: Re
Pronounced: Rā
Alt Pronunciation: rîcu(w) (ref?)
IPA: reɪ , ˈriːʕuw (Old Egyptian, 2500 BCE- Middle 1700 BC), ɾiːʕəʔ (Medio-Late Egyptian, 1350 BCE), ˈreːʕə, ˈɾeːʕ (Late Egyptian), rɑː (modern Egyptological)
Meaning: sun
Home:
Temple: Iunu/ỉwnw 'Place of Pillars', Ôn / אן or Āwen/ און, On /Ὂν Ancient Greek, Ἡλιούπολις/ Heliopolis 'City of the sun'
Nome:
Consort
Hut-Hor/ Hathor or Hesat 'earthly manifestation of Hut-Hor/ Hathor'
Sekhmet
Bastet
Rayt, Rat, Raet-Tawy (female aspect of Ra sometimes seen as his wife)
Auset?
Children
Shu (some accounts created from Nun)
Tefnut (some accounts created from Nun)
Ma'āhesa/ Maahes (mother Sekhmet)
Raet-Tawy (female aspect of Ra sometimes seen as his daughter)
Bastet
Sekhmet
Hut-Hor/ Hathor (sometimes)
Gods created by
Bastet: The cat Ra, protector of Ra
Sekhmet: Eye of Ra, instrument of vengeance
Hut-Hor/ Hathor: Eye of Ra, instrument of Ra's happiness
Parents
Khnemu and Nit/Neith
Created from waters of Nun
Siblings
aApp/ Apep
Djeḥuty/ Thoth
Sobek
Serket
Hut-Hor/ Hathor
Eye of Ra 𓂀 The Right eye is Ra (sun)
Priest names
wr-mAw (High Priest in Heliopolis, greatest of seers, High priest of Ra)
Features
Most often depicted as a falcon wearing a sun disk on his head. His flesh is made of gold, his bones are silver and his hair is made of Lapis Lazuli. In the underworld he was often depicted with a rams head and is called the 'flesh of Ra'. As a creation god he is sometimes depicted as a child and sometimes as an old man.
Symbols
Morning Sun
Sun
winged sun with Uraenus cobras
Willow/ tjeret
Sycamore/ nehet
ished (tree of life ỉwnw/ Heliopolis)
Obelisk
Mer-wer/ Mnevis bull
Hawk or falcon (sun ride and sunsetting)
Vulture
Scarab
Night-barque/mesektet
Day-barquet/māndjet
Gold
Meḥen (protective snake deity who is depicted as a snake which coils around the sun god Ra during his journey through the night)
Planet mars
Color red
Roles
He is a solar deity who is a creation god and is the manifestation of the Midday Sun. Born from the primordial waters for Nu from and egg. The cosmic egg was said to be laid by a goose or even a gift from Djeḥuty/Thoth said to have been laid by an ibis. He eternally fighting against the horrid snake Apep. He employs other gods to defeat Apep Bastet and Sutekh/Set. Associated with creation and the Pharaoh. The King is often referred to the son of Ra. 𓅭𓇳.He also ordered the cycles of the three seasons that revolve around the inundation of the Nile. As the creator god he emerged out of the primeval waters called nu on the a mound called benben. Ra is also associated with a child raising out of the primordial waters in a lotus. His creation features a much like that of Kepri and Atum. which is why they often become hybrid gods such as Atum-Ra. One other creation story describes Ra cutting his phallus (perhaps hinting at circumcision) from the blood that fell came Hu (authoritative Utterance) and Sia (knowledge). Since, according to the tradition, Re rested as a day-head at night in the interior of Nut, and was only born again in the morning, his name was not allowed to be pronounced publicly during his night absence. In reverence, and for fear of punishment for breaking this taboo, the Egyptians called Re "the majesty of this God" during this period.
Hybrid gods
Amun-Ra, Ra-Atum: solar creator god 'king of gods' red eyes man with a ram, falcon, or lions head and a solar disk headdress. Father of the King (Symbol Goose ) absorbed into Atum in the psDt/ Ennead (Heliopolis)
Ra-Horakhty: 'Ra and Horu is in the horizon'
Khenmu-Ra/ Khnum-Ra:
Ra-Harakhti-Atum-Horu-Khepri: mentioned in the book of the dead
Ra-Harakhti: (Hawk-headed)
Ra-Wesir: ruler of the underworld
Sobek-Ra
Montju-Ra
Connection to other gods
Aten
Horu/ Horus
Helios/ΗΛΙΟΣ, Ἥλιος Hēlios (Greek god of the sun)
Wesir/ Auser/ Osiris
Aspect of
Khepri: Morning sun manifested. Was born from the waters of Nu from a blue lotus bud. When the petals opened it revealed the beetle Kheperi.
Atum: Evening sun manifested. Was born from the waters of Nu from a blue lotus bud.
Nefertum: Was born from the waters of Nu from a blue lotus, When the petals opened it revealed a scarab. It changes into a young boy who is crying he became Nefertum.
Khnum: Sunset Manifested.
Raet-Tawy: Female aspect of Ra
Aton/ Aten: aspect of Ra, sun disk.
Celebrations
Offering items
Sunstone
Sun Items
Solar boat
Oranges
Lemons
Pomegranate wine/ SdH
Pomegranates/ inhmn
Sandalwood
Frankincense
Myrrh
Yellow Topaz
Turquoise
Topaz (ward off evil spirits who cause nightmares, Ra)
Citrine
Carnelian
Colors yellow, red, orange
Sunflowers
Blue Lotus/ sSm
Gold
Silver
Lapis Lazuli
Other names
Epitaphs
aA m pt tA r nTrw/ Greater in heaven and on earth than the gods
anx pr m Axt / The living one who arises from the horizon
Axty/ Dweller in the Horizon
bA imy pt/ Soul in the heaven
biA / Heaven
DA-nwt/ Cross the groove (old Kingdom)
Hdii/ Shining
HqA Axty/ Ruler of both horizons
HqA nTrw/ Ruler of Gods
Hrw-Axty- Horu/Horus on the horizon
Hr-wa/ one face
nb Axt/ Lord of heaven
nb-HDDwt--Lord of rays
nb nb/ Lord of all
nb pt tA / Lord of heaven and earth
nb-r-Dr/ Lord of the universe 'Lord to the end'
The Great He-She
ib pw pt/ Heart of heaven
imy Axt.f/ He who is in the Horizon
imy Hrt/ He who is in heave
imy pt/ He who is in heaven
ir pt tA/ He who creates heaven and earth
ir pt tA mw TAw n anx / He who creates heaven, earth, the water, and the breath of life
iry nb /Lord of creation
iry pr/ Guardian of Heaven
it m nTrw/ Father of Gods
it nb/ Father of all
ity n nTrw nw pt/ The ruler of the gods of heaven
rmw/weeper (creation through tears sprang forth remy who fell to earth as man remetj)
wbn m Axt/ Who rises in the Horizon
Red Horu/Horus
the majesty of this God
ref. http://wepwawet.org/wiki/index.php?title=Ra, The Meroitic Language and Writing System By Claude Rilly, Alex de Voogt
Temple: Iunu/ỉwnw 'Place of Pillars', Ôn / אן or Āwen/ און, On /Ὂν Ancient Greek, Ἡλιούπολις/ Heliopolis 'City of the sun'
Nome:
Consort
Hut-Hor/ Hathor or Hesat 'earthly manifestation of Hut-Hor/ Hathor'
Sekhmet
Bastet
Rayt, Rat, Raet-Tawy (female aspect of Ra sometimes seen as his wife)
Auset?
Children
Shu (some accounts created from Nun)
Tefnut (some accounts created from Nun)
Ma'āhesa/ Maahes (mother Sekhmet)
Raet-Tawy (female aspect of Ra sometimes seen as his daughter)
Bastet
Sekhmet
Hut-Hor/ Hathor (sometimes)
Gods created by
Bastet: The cat Ra, protector of Ra
Sekhmet: Eye of Ra, instrument of vengeance
Hut-Hor/ Hathor: Eye of Ra, instrument of Ra's happiness
Parents
Khnemu and Nit/Neith
Created from waters of Nun
Siblings
aApp/ Apep
Djeḥuty/ Thoth
Sobek
Serket
Hut-Hor/ Hathor
Eye of Ra 𓂀 The Right eye is Ra (sun)
Priest names
wr-mAw (High Priest in Heliopolis, greatest of seers, High priest of Ra)
Features
Most often depicted as a falcon wearing a sun disk on his head. His flesh is made of gold, his bones are silver and his hair is made of Lapis Lazuli. In the underworld he was often depicted with a rams head and is called the 'flesh of Ra'. As a creation god he is sometimes depicted as a child and sometimes as an old man.
Symbols
Morning Sun
Sun
winged sun with Uraenus cobras
Willow/ tjeret
Sycamore/ nehet
ished (tree of life ỉwnw/ Heliopolis)
Obelisk
Mer-wer/ Mnevis bull
Hawk or falcon (sun ride and sunsetting)
Vulture
Scarab
Night-barque/mesektet
Day-barquet/māndjet
Gold
Meḥen (protective snake deity who is depicted as a snake which coils around the sun god Ra during his journey through the night)
Planet mars
Color red
Roles
He is a solar deity who is a creation god and is the manifestation of the Midday Sun. Born from the primordial waters for Nu from and egg. The cosmic egg was said to be laid by a goose or even a gift from Djeḥuty/Thoth said to have been laid by an ibis. He eternally fighting against the horrid snake Apep. He employs other gods to defeat Apep Bastet and Sutekh/Set. Associated with creation and the Pharaoh. The King is often referred to the son of Ra. 𓅭𓇳.He also ordered the cycles of the three seasons that revolve around the inundation of the Nile. As the creator god he emerged out of the primeval waters called nu on the a mound called benben. Ra is also associated with a child raising out of the primordial waters in a lotus. His creation features a much like that of Kepri and Atum. which is why they often become hybrid gods such as Atum-Ra. One other creation story describes Ra cutting his phallus (perhaps hinting at circumcision) from the blood that fell came Hu (authoritative Utterance) and Sia (knowledge). Since, according to the tradition, Re rested as a day-head at night in the interior of Nut, and was only born again in the morning, his name was not allowed to be pronounced publicly during his night absence. In reverence, and for fear of punishment for breaking this taboo, the Egyptians called Re "the majesty of this God" during this period.
Hybrid gods
Amun-Ra, Ra-Atum: solar creator god 'king of gods' red eyes man with a ram, falcon, or lions head and a solar disk headdress. Father of the King (Symbol Goose ) absorbed into Atum in the psDt/ Ennead (Heliopolis)
Ra-Horakhty: 'Ra and Horu is in the horizon'
Khenmu-Ra/ Khnum-Ra:
Ra-Harakhti-Atum-Horu-Khepri: mentioned in the book of the dead
Ra-Harakhti: (Hawk-headed)
Ra-Wesir: ruler of the underworld
Sobek-Ra
Montju-Ra
Connection to other gods
Aten
Horu/ Horus
Helios/ΗΛΙΟΣ, Ἥλιος Hēlios (Greek god of the sun)
Wesir/ Auser/ Osiris
Aspect of
Khepri: Morning sun manifested. Was born from the waters of Nu from a blue lotus bud. When the petals opened it revealed the beetle Kheperi.
Atum: Evening sun manifested. Was born from the waters of Nu from a blue lotus bud.
Nefertum: Was born from the waters of Nu from a blue lotus, When the petals opened it revealed a scarab. It changes into a young boy who is crying he became Nefertum.
Khnum: Sunset Manifested.
Raet-Tawy: Female aspect of Ra
Aton/ Aten: aspect of Ra, sun disk.
Celebrations
Offering items
Sunstone
Sun Items
Solar boat
Oranges
Lemons
Pomegranate wine/ SdH
Pomegranates/ inhmn
Sandalwood
Frankincense
Myrrh
Yellow Topaz
Turquoise
Topaz (ward off evil spirits who cause nightmares, Ra)
Citrine
Carnelian
Colors yellow, red, orange
Sunflowers
Blue Lotus/ sSm
Gold
Silver
Lapis Lazuli
Other names
Epitaphs
aA m pt tA r nTrw/ Greater in heaven and on earth than the gods
anx pr m Axt / The living one who arises from the horizon
Axty/ Dweller in the Horizon
bA imy pt/ Soul in the heaven
biA / Heaven
DA-nwt/ Cross the groove (old Kingdom)
Hdii/ Shining
HqA Axty/ Ruler of both horizons
HqA nTrw/ Ruler of Gods
Hrw-Axty- Horu/Horus on the horizon
Hr-wa/ one face
nb Axt/ Lord of heaven
nb-HDDwt--Lord of rays
nb nb/ Lord of all
nb pt tA / Lord of heaven and earth
nb-r-Dr/ Lord of the universe 'Lord to the end'
The Great He-She
ib pw pt/ Heart of heaven
imy Axt.f/ He who is in the Horizon
imy Hrt/ He who is in heave
imy pt/ He who is in heaven
ir pt tA/ He who creates heaven and earth
ir pt tA mw TAw n anx / He who creates heaven, earth, the water, and the breath of life
iry nb /Lord of creation
iry pr/ Guardian of Heaven
it m nTrw/ Father of Gods
it nb/ Father of all
ity n nTrw nw pt/ The ruler of the gods of heaven
rmw/weeper (creation through tears sprang forth remy who fell to earth as man remetj)
wbn m Axt/ Who rises in the Horizon
Red Horu/Horus
the majesty of this God
ref. http://wepwawet.org/wiki/index.php?title=Ra, The Meroitic Language and Writing System By Claude Rilly, Alex de Voogt
Invocation to Ra
iu akh Rā
Re becomes luminous,
ḥotep.ef em duat
when he rests in the Underworld,
uba.ef keku-semau
when he opens the uniform darkness,
renpi em nekh
with the result that he rejuvenates in life.
ḥotep netjer em udjet.en.ef
The god is content with what he has commanded,
uben em inten.ef
and shines from his disk
☥
iu akh rā
Re becomes luminous,
ḥotep netjer em udjet.en.ef
when he rests in the Underworld,
uba.ef keku-semau
when he opens the uniform darkness,
renpi em nekhā
with the result that he rejuvenates in life.
ḥotep netjer em udjet.en.ef
The god is content with what he has commanded,
uben em Ȧten.ef
and shines from his disk
ref. The Judgment Hall of Osiris In the Book of Gates
☥
Homage to thee, O thou who risest in the horizon as Ra, thou restest upon law unchangeable and unalterable.Thou passest over the sky, and every face watcheth thee and thy course,For thou hast been hidden from their gaze.Thou dost show thyself at dawn and at eventide day by day.The Sektet* boat, wherein is the Majesty, goeth forth with light;Thy beams are upon all faces;The [number] of red and yellow rays cannot be known,Nor can thy bright beams be told.The lands of the gods, and the lands of Punt* must be seen,Ere that which is hidden [in thee] may be measured.Alone and by thyself thou dost manifest thyself when thou comest into being above Nu*.May I advance, even as thou dost advance;May I never cease to go forward as thou never ceasest to go forward, even though it be for a moment;For with strides thou dost in one little moment pass over the spaces which would need millions and millions of years[For men to pass over; this] thou doest and then thou dost sink to rest.Thou puttest an end to the hours of the night, andThou dost count them, even thou; thou endest them in thine own appointed season,And the earth becometh light.Thou settest thyself therefore before thy handiwork in the likeness ofRa [when] thou risest on the horizon.
Ref. http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/re.htm
☥
MDC:
i.nD Hr.k ra m wbn.k itm Hr-Axty
dwA.i tw nfrw.k m irty.i
xpr Axw.k Hr Snbt.i
wDA.k Htp.k m msktt
ib.k Aw m manDt
nmi.k Hrt m Htp
sxr xftyw.k nbw
hn(w) n.k ixmw-wrd
dwA tw ixmw-sk
Htp.k m Axt mAnw
nfr.ti m ra ra nb
anx.ti Dd.ti m nb.i
ra mAa xrw
Transliteration:
ȧ.nedj ḥer.ek Rā em weben.ek Ȧtum Ḥor-akhty
dua.i tu nouferu.ek em ȧrty.i
kheper akhu.ek ḥer shenebet.i
wedja.ek ḥotep.ek em mesketet
ȧb.k au m mandjet
nemi.ek ḥeret em ḥotep
sekher khefetyu.ek nebu
hen(w) en.ek ȧkhemu-wered
dua tu ȧkhemu-sek
ḥotep.ek em akhet manu
noufer.ti em Rā rā nb
ānkh.ti djed.ti em neb.i
Rā ma'ā kheru
Hail Ra in your rising, Atum Horakhty,
I praise you, your beauty in my eyes,
Come into being your sunlight upon my breast.
You set out, you are satisfied night-barque (boat of Ra),
Your heart is joyful in the day-barque (boat of Ra),
You travel the sky in peace.
All your enemies are overthrown,
The unwearying stars rejoice for you,
The indestructible stars praise you,
You go to rest in the horizon of the Western mountain,
Beautiful as Ra every day,
Alive and enduring as my lord
Ra, true of voice
Book of the Dead (Book Of Coming Forth By Day) Chapter 15
ref. http://www.ucl.ac.uk/museums-static/digitalegypt/literature/religious/bd15.html
☥
MDC:
tw.k mi ra
di.f sw m dwAt
mH.n.f tAwy m stwt.f
Tranliteration:
tu.ek mȧ Rā
di.ef su em duat
meḥ.en.ef tauy em setut.ef
You are like Ra,
When he sets in the netherworld
He has filled the Two Lands with his rays
☥
inD Hr.k ra nb nHH
Hail upon you, Ra, lord of forever (yearly cycle eternally repeating)
waw Hr xw.f HqA Dt
Uniquely upon his exception, ruler of eternity (fixed unchanging that was established at creation)
xprw m bAH nn snnw.f
form who was in the beginning none of his equal
aX(i) pt smn sATw
who fly up into heaven established the libations
Hwnw nfr priw m nnw
beautiful youth who came forth from Nun
pHrrw hrw n mswt.f
running a course on the day of his birth
bik Spss xai m Axt
Noble hawk who appears in glory in the horizon
sHAbw tAwy m stwt.f
makes festive of The Two Lands with his rays
pXrww kmt dbnw dSrt
the journeys of the sun of Egypt go the circumference of the desert
gmHsw bnnw pDt
Hawk who begets the nine bows
Ref. Egyptian Solar Religion By Assmann
☥
Spell 131 - For Being Beside Ra
The Book of Coming Forth By Day (Prt m Hrw)
The papyrus of Nu, and the tomb of Amenemhat
Coffin Texts 1098, 551 and 779
r n wnn r-gs ra
ink ra pwy psd m grH
ir s nb nty m Sms.f iw.f anx m Sms n DHwty
di.f xaw n Hr pn m grH
Aw ib n N Dr-ntt.f m wa m-m nw
iw xftyw.f dr m Snyt
ink Smsw n ra Ssp biA.f
ii.n.i xr.k it.i ra
SAs.n.i Sw nis.n.i n wrt tn
dbn.n.i Hw pn aq.n.i wa nbd pwy imy wAt ra
Ax.n.i pH.n.i sr pn r Drw Axt
xsf.i Ssp.i wrt wTs.i bA.k m-xt wsr.kwi
bA.i m nrw.k m SfSft.k
ink wD wD-mdw n ra m pt
i.nD Hr.k nTr aA m iAbt pt hA.i r wiA.k ra
sn.n.i m bik ntry
ink iry wD-mdw iw.n.i m sxm.i
xrp.i m iArt.i
hA.i r wiA.k ra m Htp sqd.i m Htp r imnt nfrt
mdw n.i itm ir aqt nbt mHn pwy m HHw pwy
m HHwy m Aw imy-wrt ta-wr
HH hnhn psdt nbt m-m nn Hr gs.f nb
psS m gsw Dd.i wAt nbt imywtn HHw nb m nn r.f
wAt ra pw m-xt pXxr.sn m-xt HA.f sp sn
Formula for being beside Ra
I am that Ra who shines in the night
Whoever is in his following, lives in the following of Thoth
He makes the appearances of this Horus in the night
N is content for he is one of them
And his enemies are repelled from the entourage
I am a follower of Ra, one who takes up his sky
I have come before you, my father Ra,
I have raced Shu, I have summoned this Great Goddess
I have circled this Hu, and entered alone this dark one in the way of Ra
I have benefited, and reached this noble at the limits of the horizon,
I approach, and take up the Great Goddess, I raise your ba when I am powerful
My ba is in the dread of you, and the majesty of you
I am the issuer of the commands of Ra in the sky
Hail great god in the east of the sky, I descend to your boat O Ra
I have crossed as a divine falcon
I am the maker of commands,
I have come by my power
I direct by my staff
I descend to your boat O Ra
in peace, I sail in peace to the Beautiful West
Atum speaks to me: As for whatever enters this Circle in this million,
In this million in length from prow to stern
the million of waves, every ennead among them on its every side
divided in halves, I say of every way among every million among them,
This is the way of Ra after they circle behind him, doubly so.
ref. http://www.ucl.ac.uk/museums-static/digitalegypt/literature/religious/bd131.html
