Per-Rā
𓇳𓏺       𓇳𓏺𓁛        𓂋𓂝𓇳𓏺𓀭       𓁛      𓇳𓏺𓀭            𓁛𓇳
𓅮𓄿𓇳𓏺𓀭   𓂋𓂝𓇳𓏺𓁛

(Demotic) Prê

(Demotic) rꜥ

MDC: ra
Gardiner: RꜤ (RēꜤ)
Budge: Rā
Erman: ReꜤ
James P. Allen: rꜤw
Alt Egyptian: rc(w) , rˤw
Transliteration: Ra
Babylonian: Rīa
Meroitic: Ms
​Old Nubian: Mag 
Coptic: Rē /ⲣⲏ (S, B), Rā /ⲣⲉ, Ri /ⲣⲓ , pA ra/ⲫⲣⲏ
Akkadian: Ri-ia /𒊑𒅀, Ri-a /𒊑𒀀, Re-a - (from name Wa-aš-mu-a-re-a/ wsr-mAat-ra)
Hebrew: Rou/כרֶע,  Rh/רה , Rʔ/ רא , Rah/רע​ (Modern)
Greek:  Ra/ Ρα
Old Greek: rī /ρι
Demotic: Pa-Rā ,  pꜢ -RꜤ  (Prê), ⁠ rꜥ
Arabic: Rā/ رع
English: Re, Ra
Kemetic: 
Alt: Re
Pronounced: Rā, Rēʻ
 Alt Pronunciation: rîcu(w) (ref?)
IPA: reɪ , ˈriːʕuw (Old Egyptian, 2500 BCE- Middle 1700 BC); ˈɾiːʕuw (Middle Egyptian, 1700 BCE) ;
ɾiːʕəʔ (Medio-Late Egyptian, 1350 BCE); ˈreːʕə, ˈɾeːʕ (Late Egyptian); rɑː (modern Egyptological)
Meaning: sun

Home: 
Temple: Iunu/ỉwnw 'Place of Pillars', Ôn / אן or Āwen/ און,  On /Ὂν Ancient Greek, Ἡλιούπολις/ Heliopolis 'City of the sun'


Nome: 


Consort
Hut-Hor/ Hathor or  Hesat 'earthly manifestation of Hut-Hor/ Hathor' 
Sekhmet
Bastet
Rayt, Rat, Raet-Tawy (female aspect of Ra sometimes seen as his wife)
Auset?​

Children
Shu (some accounts created from Nun)
Tefnut (some accounts created from Nun) 
Ma'āhesa/ Maahes (mother Sekhmet)
Raet-Tawy (female aspect of Ra sometimes seen as his daughter)
Bastet
Sekhmet
Hut-Hor/ Hathor (sometimes) 

Gods created by
Bastet: The cat Ra, protector of Ra 
Sekhmet: Eye of Ra, instrument of vengeance 
Hut-Hor/ Hathor: Eye of Ra, instrument of Ra's happiness 

Parents
Khnemu and Nit/Neith
Created from waters of Nun

Siblings
aApp/ Apep
Djeḥuty/ Thoth
Sobek
Serket
Hut-Hor/ Hathor
Eye of Ra 𓂀 The Right eye is Ra (sun)​


Priest names
wr-mAw (High Priest in Heliopolis, greatest of seers, High priest of Ra)

Features
Most often depicted as a falcon wearing a sun disk on his head. His flesh is made of gold, his bones are silver and his hair is made of Lapis Lazuli. In the underworld he was often depicted with a rams head and is called the 'flesh of Ra'. As a creation god he is sometimes depicted as a child and sometimes as an old man.
​
Symbols
Morning Sun
Sun
winged sun with Uraenus cobras
Willow/ tjeret
Sycamore/ nehet
ished (tree of life ỉwnw/ Heliopolis)
Obelisk 
Mer-wer/ Mnevis bull
Hawk or falcon (sun ride and sunsetting)
Vulture 
​Scarab 
Night-barque/mesektet
Day-barquet/māndjet
​Gold
Meḥen (protective snake deity who is depicted as a snake which coils around the sun god Ra during his journey through the night)
Planet mars
Color yellow and red
​Hawk with a white HDt crown

Roles
He is a solar deity who is a creation god and is the manifestation of the Midday Sun. Born from the primordial waters for Nu from and egg. The cosmic egg was said to be laid by a goose or even a gift from Djeḥuty/Thoth said to have been laid by an ibis. He eternally fighting against the horrid snake Apep. He employs other gods to defeat Apep Bastet and Sutekh/Set. Associated with creation and the Pharaoh. The King is often referred to the son of Ra. 𓅭𓇳.He also ordered the cycles of the three seasons that revolve around the inundation of the Nile. As the creator god he emerged out of the primeval waters called nu on the a mound called benben. Ra is also associated with a child raising out of the primordial waters in a lotus. His creation features a much like that of Kepri and Atum. which is why they often become hybrid gods such as Atum-Ra. One other creation story describes Ra cutting his phallus (perhaps hinting at circumcision) from the blood that fell came Hu (authoritative Utterance) and Sia (knowledge). Since, according to the tradition, Re rested as a day-head at night in the interior of Nut, and was only born again in the morning, his name was not allowed to be pronounced publicly during his night absence. In reverence, and for fear of punishment for breaking this taboo, the Egyptians called Re "the majesty of this God" during this period.

Hybrid gods
Amun-Ra, Ra-Atum: solar creator god 'king of gods' red eyes man with a ram, falcon, or lions head and a solar disk headdress. Father of the King (Symbol Goose ) absorbed into Atum in the psDt/ Ennead (Heliopolis) 
Ra-Horakhty: 'Ra and Horu is in the horizon' 
​Khenmu-Ra/ Khnum-Ra: 
Ra-Harakhti-Atum-Horu-Khepri: mentioned in the book of the dead
Ra-Harakhti: (Hawk-headed)
Ra-Wesir: ruler of the underworld 
Sobek-Ra 
Montju-Ra

Connection to other gods
Aten
Horu/ Horus 
Helios/ΗΛΙΟΣ, Ἥλιος Hēlios (Greek god of the sun)
Wesir/ Auser/ Osiris  

Aspect of
Khepri: Morning sun manifested. Was born from the waters of Nu from a blue lotus bud. When the petals opened it revealed the beetle Kheperi. 
Atum: Evening sun manifested. Was born from the waters of Nu from a blue lotus bud. 
Nefertum: Was born from the waters of Nu from a blue lotus, When the petals opened it revealed a scarab. It changes into a              young boy who is crying he became Nefertum.
Khnum: Sunset Manifested.
Raet-Tawy: Female aspect of Ra
Aton/ Aten: aspect of Ra, sun disk.

Celebrations

Offering items
Sunstone
Sun Items 
Solar boat 
Roast duck
Oranges 
Lemons
Pomegranate wine/ SdH
Pomegranates/ inhmn
Sandalwood 
Frankincense
Myrrh
Yellow Topaz
Turquoise
Topaz (ward off evil spirits who cause nightmares, Ra)
Citrine
Carnelian
Colors yellow, red, orange 
Sunflowers
Blue Lotus/ sSm
Gold
Silver
Lapis Lazuli
Statue of Ra annopinted with unguents and incense

Other names


Epitaphs
aA m pt tA r nTrw/ Greater in heaven and on earth than the gods 
anx pr m Axt / The living one who arises from the horizon 
Axty/ Dweller in the Horizon 
bA imy pt/ Soul in the heaven 
biA / Heaven 
​DA-nwt/ Cross the groove (old Kingdom)
Hdii/ Shining 
HqA Axty/ Ruler of both horizons 
HqA nTrw/ Ruler of Gods
​Hrw-Axty- Horu/Horus on the horizon 
​Hr-wa/ one face
nb Axt/ Lord of heaven
nb nb/ Lord of all
nb-HDDwt--Lord of rays
nb hknw = Golden thanksgiving
nb pt = Lord of heaven
nb pt tA / Lord of heaven and earthnb psDt = Lord of the Nine
nb-r-Dr/ Lord of the universe 'Lord to the end/limit'nTr aA = great god
​nTr xpr Ds.f/ The god who created himself
ib pw pt/ Heart of heaven 
imy Axt.f/ He who is in the Horizon 
imy Hrt/ He who is in heave
imy pt/ He who is in heaven
ink aSA rnw aSA xprw iw xpri.s wn m nTr nb/I have many names, many forms, he whose form is in every god (Isis and the Name of Ra)
ink smsw sA smsw/I am the eldest son of the eldest (Isis and the Name of Ra)
ink wr sA wr/I am the great one, son of the great one. (Isis and the Name of Ra)
ir pt tA/ He who creates heaven and earth 
ir pt tA mw TAw n anx / He who creates heaven, earth, the water, and the breath of life
iry nb /Lord of creation
iry pr/ Guardian of Heaven
it m nTrw/ Father of Gods
it nb/ Father of all
ity n nTrw nw pt/ The ruler of the gods of heavenkA-mwt.f = Bull of his mother
rmw/weeper (creation through tears sprang forth remy who fell to earth as man remetj) wa n nun = Sole one of Nun
wbn m Axt/ Who rises in the Horizon 
xai hknw = Appearing in thanksgiving 
xaiti m nsw nTrw/ Crowned as King of the Gods
Red Horu/Horus
the majesty of this God


ref. http://wepwawet.org/wiki/index.php?title=Ra, The Meroitic Language and Writing System By Claude Rilly, Alex de Voogt

Invocation to Ra


iu akh Rā
Re becomes luminous,

ḥotep.ef em duat
when he rests in the Underworld,

uba.ef keku-semau
when he opens the uniform darkness,

renpi em nekh
with the result that he rejuvenates in life.

ḥotep netjer em udjet.en.ef
The god is content with what he has commanded,

uben em inten.ef
and shines from his disk



☥



iu akh rā
Re becomes luminous,

ḥotep netjer em udjet.en.ef
when he rests in the Underworld,

uba.ef keku-semau
when he opens the uniform darkness,

renpi em nekhā 
with the result that he rejuvenates in life.

ḥotep netjer em udjet.en.ef
The god is content with what he has commanded,

uben em Ȧten.ef
and shines from his disk

ref. The Judgment Hall of Osiris In the Book of Gates 



☥

Homage to thee, O thou who risest in the horizon as Ra, thou restest upon law unchangeable and unalterable.Thou passest over the sky, and every face watcheth thee and thy course,For thou hast been hidden from their gaze.Thou dost show thyself at dawn and at eventide day by day.The Sektet* boat, wherein is the Majesty, goeth forth with light;Thy beams are upon all faces;The [number] of red and yellow rays cannot be known,Nor can thy bright beams be told.The lands of the gods, and the lands of Punt* must be seen,Ere that which is hidden [in thee] may be measured.Alone and by thyself thou dost manifest thyself when thou comest into being above Nu*.May I advance, even as thou dost advance;May I never cease to go forward as thou never ceasest to go forward, even though it be for a moment;For with strides thou dost in one little moment pass over the spaces which would need millions and millions of years[For men to pass over; this] thou doest and then thou dost sink to rest.Thou puttest an end to the hours of the night, andThou dost count them, even thou; thou endest them in thine own appointed season,And the earth becometh light.Thou settest thyself therefore before thy handiwork in the likeness ofRa [when] thou risest on the horizon.

Ref. http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/re.htm



☥

The great god opened his mouth,
the cry of His Presence life! prosperity! health!, reaching heaven.
nTr aA wd.f r.f
xrw Hm.f anx wDA snb pH.n.f r pt
•
iAw nTry nw.n.f r.f
sty.n.f nniw.f r tA
pgs sw sxr Hr sAtw
The divine old man bowed down his mouth,
and dripped his spittle to earth.
His spit had been dropped on the ground.

~ref Isis and the Name of Ra

☥

ink ir pt tA Ts Dww
qmA wnnt Hr.f
ink ir mw xpr mH-wrt
ir kA n idt
xpr nmnmi.sn
ir pt sStA Axty
di bAw nw nTrw m-Xnw.s
ink wn irty.fy xpr HDDw
axn irty.fy xpr kkw
Hw Hap xft wD.n.f
nn rx.n nTrw rn.f
ink ir wnwt xpr hrw
ink wp rnpt qmA trw
ink ir xt anx
r sxpr kAt pr
ink xpri m dwAw ra m aHaw itm imy Stmw
'I am the maker of heaven and earth, the binder of mountains,
creator of what exists upon it.
I am the maker of water, for the Great Ocean to take form,
the maker of the bull for the cow,
for their sexual movement to take place,
the maker of the secret heaven of the horizon,
the one who placed the souls of the gods within it.
I am he who opens his eyes and there is light,
who shuts his eyes and there is darkness,
he at whose command the Nile Flood strikes,
whose name the gods cannot know.
I am the maker of hours, for day to exist,
I am the cleaver of the year, who creates the seasons.
I am the maker of the fire of life,
to enable the work of the house to take place.
I am Khepri in the morning, Ra at noon, Atum who is in the dusk.'

ref Isis and the Name of Ra


☥



MDC:
i.nD Hr.k ra m wbn.k itm Hr-Axty
dwA.i tw nfrw.k m irty.i
xpr Axw.k Hr Snbt.i
wDA.k Htp.k m msktt
ib.k Aw m manDt
nmi.k Hrt m Htp
sxr xftyw.k nbw
hn(w) n.k ixmw-wrd
dwA tw ixmw-sk
Htp.k m Axt mAnw
nfr.ti m ra ra nb
anx.ti Dd.ti m nb.i
ra mAa xrw

Transliteration: 
ȧ.nedj ḥer.ek Rā em weben.ek Ȧtum Ḥor-akhty
dua.i tu nouferu.ek em ȧrty.i
kheper akhu.ek ḥer shenebet.i
wedja.ek ḥotep.ek em mesketet
ȧb.k au m mandjet
nemi.ek ḥeret em ḥotep
sekher khefetyu.ek nebu
hen(w) en.ek ȧkhemu-wered
dua tu ȧkhemu-sek
ḥotep.ek em akhet manu
noufer.ti em Rā rā nb
ānkh.ti djed.ti em neb.i
Rā ma'ā kheru

Hail Ra in your rising, Atum Horakhty,
I praise you, your beauty in my eyes,
Come into being your sunlight upon my breast.
You set out, you are satisfied night-barque (boat of Ra),
Your heart is joyful in the day-barque (boat of Ra),
You travel the sky in peace.
All your enemies are overthrown,
The unwearying stars rejoice for you,
The indestructible stars praise you,
You go to rest in the horizon of the Western mountain,
Beautiful as Ra every day,
Alive and enduring as my lord
Ra, true of voice

Book of the Dead (Book Of Coming Forth By Day) Chapter 15
ref. http://www.ucl.ac.uk/museums-static/digitalegypt/literature/religious/bd15.html




☥


MDC:
tw.k mi ra
di.f sw m dwAt
mH.n.f tAwy m stwt.f

Tranliteration:
tu.ek mȧ Rā
di.ef su em duat
meḥ.en.ef tauy em setut.ef

You are like Ra,
When he sets in the netherworld 
He has filled the Two Lands with his rays




☥




inD Hr.k ra nb nHH
Hail upon you, Ra, lord of forever (yearly cycle eternally repeating)

waw Hr xw.f HqA Dt
Uniquely upon his exception, ruler of eternity (fixed unchanging that was established at creation) 


xprw m bAH nn snnw.f
form who was in the beginning none of his equal

aX(i) pt smn sATw
who fly up into heaven established the libations 

Hwnw nfr priw m nnw
beautiful youth who came forth from Nun

pHrrw hrw n mswt.f
running a course on the day of his birth

bik Spss xai m Axt
Noble hawk who appears in glory in the horizon

sHAbw tAwy m stwt.f
makes festive of The Two Lands with his rays

pXrww kmt dbnw dSrt
the journeys of the sun of Egypt go the circumference of the desert

gmHsw bnnw pDt
Hawk who begets the nine bows

Ref. Egyptian Solar Religion By Assmann


☥


Spell 131 - For Being Beside Ra
The Book of Coming Forth By Day (Prt m Hrw) 
The papyrus of Nu, and the tomb of Amenemhat
Coffin Texts 1098, 551 and 779

r n wnn r-gs ra
ink ra pwy psd m grH
ir s nb nty m Sms.f iw.f anx m Sms n DHwty
di.f xaw n Hr pn m grH
Aw ib n N Dr-ntt.f m wa m-m nw
iw xftyw.f dr m Snyt
ink Smsw n ra Ssp biA.f
ii.n.i xr.k it.i ra
SAs.n.i Sw nis.n.i n wrt tn 
dbn.n.i Hw pn aq.n.i wa nbd pwy imy wAt ra
Ax.n.i pH.n.i sr pn r Drw Axt
xsf.i Ssp.i wrt wTs.i bA.k m-xt wsr.kwi
bA.i m nrw.k m SfSft.k
ink wD wD-mdw n ra m pt
i.nD Hr.k nTr aA m iAbt pt hA.i r wiA.k ra
sn.n.i m bik ntry
ink iry wD-mdw iw.n.i m sxm.i
xrp.i m iArt.i
hA.i r wiA.k ra m Htp sqd.i m Htp r imnt nfrt
mdw n.i itm ir aqt nbt mHn pwy m HHw pwy
m HHwy m Aw imy-wrt ta-wr
HH hnhn psdt nbt m-m nn Hr gs.f nb
psS m gsw Dd.i wAt nbt imywtn HHw nb m nn r.f
wAt ra pw m-xt pXxr.sn m-xt HA.f sp sn

Formula for being beside Ra
I am that Ra who shines in the night 
Whoever is in his following, lives in the following of Thoth
He makes the appearances of this Horus in the night
N is content for he is one of them
And his enemies are repelled from the entourage
I am a follower of Ra, one who takes up his sky
I have come before you, my father Ra,
I have raced Shu, I have summoned this Great Goddess
I have circled this Hu, and entered alone this dark one in the way of Ra
I have benefited, and reached this noble at the limits of the horizon,
I approach, and take up the Great Goddess, I raise your ba when I am powerful
My ba is in the dread of you, and the majesty of you
I am the issuer of the commands of Ra in the sky
Hail great god in the east of the sky, I descend to your boat O Ra
I have crossed as a divine falcon
I am the maker of commands,
I have come by my power
I direct by my staff
I descend to your boat O Ra 
in peace, I sail in peace to the Beautiful West
Atum speaks to me: As for whatever enters this Circle in this million,
In this million in length from prow to stern
the million of waves, every ennead among them on its every side
divided in halves, I say of every way among every million among them,
This is the way of Ra after they circle behind him, doubly so.

ref. http://www.ucl.ac.uk/museums-static/digitalegypt/literature/religious/bd131.html

#ra